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19 05, 2025

Karen Petrou: The Political Buzzsaw Powering Up for the New Powell Policy Paradigm

2025-05-19T09:21:50-04:00May 19th, 2025|The Vault|

Buzz is growing about how the Fed’s promised new monetary-policy construct will do better than the old, failed FAIT.  Last week, Chair Powell offered a teaser, the august Group of Thirty told it what to do, and former Chair Bernanke told the Fed how to tell all about it.  Let’s hope the Fed indeed does better this time, but even if it does, Congress might well block the Fed from doing what it comes to think it must.  When the Fed releases its new plan in the rarefied precincts of Jackson Hole this August, it’s likely to disregard what a very skeptical Congress thinks about it, let alone what might then be done to it either on the Hill or by Mr. Powell’s successor.  Early warning signals show it will be a lot.

The Fed knows it’s at considerable political risk, but not all the ways political risk could strike it down.  Mr. Powell is of course keenly aware that President Trump thinks he’s “Mr. Too Late, a major loser.”  Anticipating still more political push-back, Mr. Powell tried to protect the Fed via a switcheroo early after the election, pulling the Fed back from climate-risk efforts and anything that smacks of reputational-risk supervision.  That may help, but the Fed has yet to reckon with how much Members of Congress want a complete monetary-policy reset forcing the Fed to rely on open-market operations as the principal mechanism of monetary-policy transmission.  Any new Fed policy construct that doesn’t shrink the portfolio, …

14 04, 2025

Karen Petrou: The Fed Has Given Itself Nothing But Bad Choices

2025-04-14T09:13:54-04:00April 14th, 2025|The Vault|

Much has been written of late about the pickle in which the Fed finds itself due to the President’s quixotic trade war.  The Fed is indeed facing a dilemma setting monetary policy, but it confronts a Rubik’s Cube trying also to ensure financial stability.  The reason:  the more the Fed fights inflation, the less it can secure the financial system and the more it is forced to secure the financial system, the less able it will be to conduct monetary policy.  This vise results from the Fed’s huge portfolio, yet another example of why the Fed should have reduced its portfolio as quickly as possible after both 2008 and 2020.  Since it didn’t, it now has only bad choices if Treasury-market illiquidity turns toxic.

This negative feedback loop is the result not only of the Fed’s cumbersome trillions, but also of its unwillingness to make another hard decision:  meaningful action to address identified systemic risks.  Had the Fed heeded its own warnings going back to 2020, it might have done something to reduce Treasury-market dependence on high-risk, leveraged hedge funds.  To be fair, the Fed cannot directly regulate hedge funds and the SEC lacks prudential authority, but both agencies had lots of ways to curtail systemic risk long before basis-trading hedge funds came to hold at least $1 trillion in assets.

So far, hedge-fund deleveraging is proceeding in a reasonably-ordered way, but risks such as these have a bad habit of cascading.  Jamie Dimon already anticipates this, but he …

11 01, 2023

FedFin on: An Implacable Problem With a Policy Solution

2023-01-11T16:47:56-05:00January 11th, 2023|The Vault|

As the Fed has hiked interest rates, mortgage rates have of course also gone up, sending a sudden chill through the residential market and putting home ownership even more out of reach for all but those for whom the home equity they still have after prices correct suffices for long-term wealth accumulation.  However, mortgage rates have often risen higher than expected from usual yield spreads and thus Fed tightening is even more excruciating not just for the mortgage market, but also for FHFA’s equitable-finance mission and the Fed’s hoped-for soft landing…

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3 01, 2023

Karen Petrou: Why Congress will Try to Recapture Fed Payments to Banks in 2023 and Why It Can’t

2023-01-03T16:13:39-05:00January 3rd, 2023|The Vault|

Among the unmourned victims of 2022 is to be found modern monetary theory.  Although it seemed clear from the start that MMT was a product of magical thinking, it engendered insouciance that kept fiscal deficits rising ever higher. Now, Republicans will press for fiscal austerity.  Democrats will fight back, but they too will seek as much fiscal constraint as compatible with gaining power in 2024.  Congress thus will look for new revenue sources that aren’t taxes and quickly find one at the Fed on which both sides agree: cutting payments to the nation’s biggest financial institutions.

It is difficult to calculate just how much the Fed is sending back over the transom into the financial system.  One recent paper estimates it as over $100 billion a year and this might well be the case once interest on bank reserves is totaled up with the interest the Fed pays within the gigantic overnight reverse repo program (ONRRP). Whatever the sum now, it’s large and it will only go up in 2023.  The more rates rise, the more the Fed pays out even as it is still saddled with billions of low-yield portfolio assets.

These interest payments are already on the radar of at least one conservative analyst.  His arguments channel those Republicans raised when these interest payments were last on the fiscal chopping block, a time when Democrats also said pretty much the same about wanting billions for taxpayers, not banks.

To be sure, nothing came of all these …

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